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Prenatal Development

The journey from a single fertilized cell to a newborn, lasting about 38 weeks from conception. It is the fastest and most dramatic period of change in the entire human lifespan.

  • Germinal period — weeks 1–2; the fertilized egg divides and implants in the uterus.
  • Embryonic period — weeks 3–8; the body plan is laid down and all major organs begin to form.
  • Fetal period — week 9 to birth; organs mature and the fetus grows dramatically.

A single cell carrying one set of instructions becomes trillions of specialized cells, organized into every tissue and organ — guided by genes switching on and off in a precise sequence, and by chemical signals passing between neighboring cells.

Events here set the starting conditions for an entire life. Nutrition, infection, and exposures during pregnancy can leave lasting marks, a link studied as the developmental origins of later health.